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Endo-tracheal administration of ether is, however, far safer than peroral administration, for it overcomes the danger of respiratory arrest from pressure of the esophagoscope, foreign body, or both, on the trachea.

Every patient should be examined by indirect, mirror laryngoscopy as a preliminary to peroral endoscopy for any purpose whatsoever.

Frequent peroral passage of the bronchoscope for this purpose is contraindicated only in case of children under 3 years of age, because of the likelihood of provoking subglottic edema.

Fluoroscopic bronchoscopy, because of its high mortality and low percentage of successes, should be tried only after regular, ocularly guided, peroral bronchoscopy has failed, and only by those who have had experience in ocularly guided bronchoscopy.

This book is based on an abstract of the author's larger work, Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery.