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Keto also kick-starts a process called lipid peroxidation, which causes the body to use fats for the energy it needs instead.

FSP1 acts independently of another pathway known to block lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis8, which requires the proteins GPX4 and glutathione.

The damage to cell membranes that occurs during ferroptosis can be prevented by a protein called GPX4 acting together with a small peptide called glutathione8, which confers antioxidant properties by combating lipid damage caused by peroxidation.

Excitingly, the authors discovered that FSP1 replenishes a reduced form of ubiquinone, called ubiquinol, that acts protectively by combating the lipid peroxidation that drives ferroptosis.

During ferroptosis, a polyunsaturated fatty acid — a type of lipid found in the cell membrane — undergoes a modification called peroxidation, which causes an increase in the level of molecules termed reactive oxygen species.