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Through genomic analysis, researchers have identified ancient viral codes embedded in the DNA of virtually every phyletic lineage.

Researchers have found striking examples of gift-giving across the phyletic landscape, in insects, spiders, mollusks, birds and mammals.

Venoms and repellents are hardly rare in nature: Many insects, frogs, snakes, jellyfish and other phyletic characters use them with abandon.

The second phyletic line gave rise to the sordida group and diverged from the prototype in the development of an angular maxillary and a breeding call consisting of a primary note followed by secondary notes.

The specialized vocal sac structure in Phrynohyas and Trachycephalus suggests that these two genera may be rather closely allied and represent a single phyletic line from an ancestral stock similar to Osteocephalus.