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While there are more possible flu virus strains, vaccination still provides broad protection against illness, hospitalization, and death from any flu viruses because of the polyclonal memory immunity we generate.

The vaccines also produce polyclonal antibodies that work against multiple parts of the spike protein, she said.

They trigger so-called polyclonal antibodies — a heterogeneous mix of IgGs against the whole virus.

“If the monoclonal antibody clears your nose, it’s reasonable to think that the vaccine’s polyclonal antibodies would also,” said Gandhi.

"Both vaccination against and natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 produce a 'polyclonal; response that targets several parts of the spike protein," states the CDC.