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Darras notes that yellow crazy ants are polygynous, meaning they have multiple queens — in some cases their reproductive capabilities are essentially limitless.

But when the team looked at the impact of STIs on larger polygynous societies, they found a very different effect.

In polygynous species, by contrast, males may be less choosy about their mates, Dale suggests, so that there is little benefit to females displaying a colourful plumage that is energetically costly for them to maintain.

But males in many polygynous species basically take whatever they can get, Kempenaers says.

Polygamous societies are almost always polygynous, where one husband has multiple wives.