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Triple antibiotic ointment is a mixture of three topical antibiotics: neomycin, polymyxin B and bacitracin.

The polymyxin antibiotic colistin is used as a last resort for treatment of infections in the clinic, but it can also increase outer membrane permeability, thereby sensitizing bacteria to more-effective antibiotics18.

Luther and colleagues chemically linked the compounds identified through this screen to a portion of another antibiotic, polymyxin B, that binds to LPS directly11.

“The thing we are wondering and concerned about is topical use of polymyxin,” Kallen said.

The E. coli strain showing resistance to the polymyxin drug colistin was isolated from an intensively farmed pig in Shanghai during routine testing.