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In Rome under the Republic there was divided between the pretor and the judex the power to decide controversies.

The military roads were under the pretors, and were called pretorian roads; and the public roads for travel and commercial traffic were under the consuls, and were called consular roads.

To meet the issue, and prevent fickle and unjust men from taking advantage of women, Marcus decided that the pretor could refuse to record the desired divorce, if he saw fit, and demand reasons.

Touching the temporal government of Rome, and oppidan affairs, there is a pretor and some choice citizens, which sit in the Capitol.

"No one named the author of the murder, for the pretor was silent," says Paul Jovius in his eulogy of the poet.