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They perform the same functions and bear spicules, sometimes in pairs, sometimes quaternate, each spicule being surmounted by a spore.

With this introduction we may state that the technical characters of the family are thus expressed:— Hymenium free, mostly naked, or, if enclosed at first, soon exposed; spores naked, mostly quaternate, on distinct spicules = Hymenomycetes.

The European Venus' looking-glass was observed in my garden to produce some quaternate and some quinate flowers on the same specimens.

With buttercups and brambles and many others there is only an increase above the typical five; quaternate flowers are wanting or at least are very rare.

A species of cinquefoil, Potentilla Tormentilla, which is distinguished by its quaternate flowers, occurs in Holland in two distinct types, which have proved constant in my cultural experiments.