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In either case, a quiet sun has benefited our species.

Scientists tackle a burning question: When will our quiet sun turn violent?

At the same, he estimates, two other natural influences might have led to some cooling: a relatively quiet Sun might have been responsible for a reduction of 0.16 of a Watt/sq m and volcanic eruptions another 0.06 Watt/sq m.

But the degree to which a quiet sun could chill Earth, especially in the face of pollution that's warming the planet, is uncertain.

The Maunder Minimum of the late 17th century is an oft-cited example of a time when a quiet sun—as documented by a paucity of sunspots—coincided with lower temperatures on Earth and, in particular, bitterly cold winters in Europe.