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Once, while cycling to meet a friend at a pub, England spied 50 caterpillars on a ragwort plant.

Along with members of the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation, which owns some adjacent land, Hamman and her colleagues plan to burn some of Noyes’ pastures later this year to help control tansy ragwort.

A year after the deer were excluded, drifts of golden ragwort appeared in spring, followed by blue mistflower in late summer.

By 2008, Knepp was suffused by weeds such as ragwort, whose vivid yellow flowers are great for pollinators but can kill livestock in the rare event that they are eaten in large amounts.

She throws down two more stalks, and moments later three ragwort ponies snort the air and snuffle at the ground.