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It seemed that these redshifted galaxies were all moving away from the Milky Way.

Attenuated across the vast distance—which has grown all the while as the universe expands—that light arrives to us not only exceedingly faint but also very redshifted, meaning that its once-optical wavelengths have stretched out into the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The weak lensing survey requires visible light to make sharp images, whereas the BAO survey relies on infrared light to map more distant galaxies, whose light is “redshifted” by the expansion of the universe.

With the expansion of the universe, objects billions of light-years distant are moving away from Earth so fast that their light is “redshifted” to longer infrared wavelengths, which the Webb telescope can see.

Some will likely turn out to be mirages, much closer galaxies masquerading as more remote ones because they contain large amounts of dust, which also causes their light to be redshifted.