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Virtually, they may learn about the coarse adjustment knob on the microscope, changing from low power to high power on a microscope or what restriction enzymes are, so when they come to class, they have a heads up on those things, Sims said.

Developed by synthetic biologist Sylvestre Marillonnet and his colleagues at Icon Genetics in Halle, Germany, Golden Gate uses specialized proteins known as type IIS restriction enzymes to make targeted cuts in DNA strands4.

Restriction enzymes, the standard tool for cutting DNA, can snip chunks of genetic material and join the ends to form small circular segments that can be moved out of one cell and into another.

Instead of reproducing DNA replication in a test tube and making different fragment lengths with special nucleotides, a DNA sample is chopped into pieces with special molecular scissors called restriction enzymes.

First, they cut the plasmid using restriction enzymes.