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Rhizobium fungi have a symbiotic relationship with the bean plant: The fungi help the bean absorb nitrogen from the soil, and the beans feed the fungi carbohydrates as they photosynthesize.

If possible, coat the seeds with Rhizobium inoculant before planting.

But after several false starts he and his team came up with the magic formula: a fatty-acid-elongase gene from a waterborne moss called Physcomitrella patens, a fatty-acid-desaturase gene from Emiliana huxleyi, a planktonic alga, and so on, all put together as a single DNA package and delivered by a messenger called Rhizobium radiobacter, a bacterium that is able to inject bits of its DNA into plant cells.

He explained that the growths held rhizobium, a beneficial bacterium that converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia and other compounds that help plants grow.

Rhizobium—will penetrate directly into the cells, live in them for weeks or months without injury—nay even with advantage to their life.