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“There would be closures of businesses and the like,” he said, “and then there’s the ripple effect in the economy because you have the port workers, truck drivers, laborers — everybody involved in the distribution system from the importer to the distributor to the retailer.”

“It has a sort of ripple effect on almost all of the relationships in my life, including my husband and my kids.”

Vigil warned that sanctioning U.S. citizens would have a “ripple effect.”

"This ban will be a big blow, and foreign exchange will take a hit. It would mean less foreign exchange and greater exposure to financial services. It has a ripple effect that extends beyond just trade," economist Ken Gichinga told the BBC.

The trend has had a ripple effect on organizations that administer certification programs for fitness trainers.