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Harnessing sectors such as as AI, life sciences, robotics, clean tech, quantum computing, as well as the creative industries, will help to achieve this, the mayor added.

"It was awesome that they can do this in real time," said Gary Yang, a graduate student in robotics at the California Institute of Technology.

"For serious space exploration, I much prefer robotics," he says.

Combining AI, robotics and much more, Swyler’s latest world-building novel concerns the Bulwark, a walled desert city whose history, values and economy are based on the sacrifices made by its founders.

While robotics have advanced, and AI demolishes service industries, the idea of a “lights out” factory — meaning there are no human workers — is not quite there yet.