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But he notes that in some sense it merely replaces one mysterious thing—dark matter—with another—a carefully tuned scalar field.

We postulated the existence of a “scalar field,” a non-directional variable force in spacetime, he says, that is essentially the same as the one responsible for inflation, but which penetrates into the present epoch.

For example, w could start out near minus one in the distant past, and then as the scalar field evolves faster and faster, w gets further and further away from minus one.

First, inflation is driven by a hypothetical scalar field, the inflaton, which has properties that can be adjusted to produce effectively any outcome.

"This puts some very serious constraints on these rolling scalar field cosmologies."