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"There's a delay between the ion's 'impact' and secondary electron emission, and that's the key piece of information that we were after in our simulations," said Yifan Yao, the study's lead author and a graduate student in Schleife's research group.

In addition, the computational study provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of secondary electron emission.

After earning his doctorate in engineering physics from Cornell in 1953, he joined the Westinghouse Research Laboratory, and his work there on secondary electron emissions led to a highly sensitive camera tube that was used in the video camera on Apollo 11.

The beam caused other electrons to be ejected in a process called secondary electron emissions, and the military thought the process could be used to see in poorly lit areas.