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Although authorities in some of these countries block the broadcasts - VOA, for instance, is banned in China - people can listen to them on shortwave radio, or get around the restrictions via VPNs.

Ms. Castro wrote that the C.I.A., which she was instructed to call “the company” to deflect suspicions, communicated with her in Havana by shortwave radio, playing the “Fascination Waltz” each day at 7 p.m. followed by a coded message.

They communicated with her via shortwave radio, playing a waltz and a song from the opera Madame Butterfly as signals that her handlers had a message for her.

News of the Fulro president's death had never reached Hin Nie on his shortwave radio set.

This meant dealing with local Khmer Rouge, but also tuning in to shortwave radio each morning, including the BBC, Voice of America and Vietnamese radio, to try to follow what was happening in a world that had forgotten them - and which, with the Cold War over, had changed beyond recognition.