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These values surpass those of commonly used materials such as silicon dioxide and hexagonal boron nitride.

Initially, the silicon wafer, which was topped by a thick layer of silicon dioxide, seemed to prevent diamond growth.

Yet the silicon-based equivalent is silicon dioxide, which is basically little more than sand, Shostak explained, listing quartz as an example.

For instance, a popular semiconducting 2D material known as molybdenum disulfide will stick to gold, a metal, but won't directly transfer to insulators like silicon dioxide by just coming into physical contact with that surface.

For this, the team used individual silicon dioxide particles, known as silica, and grafted chain-like polymer molecules as a sort of shell.