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"One is sintering, in which you lose surface sites that undertake the reaction. The other is the formation of coke -- basically solid carbon that blocks the catalyst from contacting the reactants."

"The process is called sintering, which aggregates fine particles together into a more solid state. It is similar to powder metallurgy in the manufacturing of ceramics," continues Tsumori.

Workplace safety officials in Australia said legal alternatives also include some products made of porcelain or “sintered stone,” an artificial product made by binding minerals together with heat.

The works technical manager for the coke, sinter and iron department added: "Working in this industry, the scale of it is absolutely huge. It is still very impressive every time I go in there."

The challenge is to find a production method that works without sintering at high temperatures.