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Ultimately, the Confederacy and the Southern slavocracy, and Jim and Jane Crow were never truly banished from America.

Now gone from Monument Avenue are all five grandiose monuments to White defenders of slavocracy, including the state-owned statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee.

Today's challenges are different — and no offense can be compared with the slavocracy of the antebellum period — but anyone who cares about basic principles of democracy can see that our struggle is much the same.

Most notoriously, in 1856, Rep. Preston Brooks of South Carolina hit Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane at least a dozen times — nearly killing him — over a speech decrying the conduct of the slavocracy.

The slavocracy evaded Lincoln’s grasp by seceding; the Supreme Court repeatedly thwarted F.D.R.