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Here is a closeup, showing the fern sori I discussed here: Because I just can’t get enough of gorgeous and unusual ferns, here are some more.

When you look at the back of a fern, you might think you are looking at a pile of spores Fern sori, a collection of microscopic but structurally complex sporangia.

Sporangia borne on elevated receptacles, forming roundish sori imperfectly covered by very delicate hood-shaped indusia attached to the base of the receptacles.

In some species of Puccinia the sori are so compact that they remain attached to the leaves long after they are dead and fallen.

This occasionally happens from the elongation of the normally placed sorus, which thus extends to the margin, and returns on the upper side, when the sori chance to be placed opposite to the marginal crenatures.