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“It made them look like money or more like stock certificates, which people were more familiar with back in the day,” Petrie Jr. said.

It was only after paying him $100,000 that the two discovered the stock certificates Smirnov provided were fake, according to the complaint.

A retired patent attorney recalled filing the original designs in 1918, and several early investors trotted out their now-worthless stock certificates.

In return, they get a loan stock certificate which buys into a housing association.

For most of crypto’s existence, we’ve been debating just what sort of financial product it is: a medium of exchange, like the dollar, or a store of value, like gold or stock certificates.