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Isobel had synovial sarcoma - a type of cancer that develops in cells around joints and tendons - which the family had never heard of.

That’s because as people age, those joints lose the cartilage and viscous fluid, known as synovial fluid, that keeps them supple.

Single cell sequencing analysis found that of the four types of fibroblasts in synovial tissue, CD55+ fibroblasts exhibited the highest expression of pain-associated genes.

These efforts yielded a cell atlas encompassing more than 300,000 cells from synovial tissue.

For example, liquid biopsies of cerebrospinal fluid could be used to study or diagnose the brain, synovial fluid could be used to study joints, and urine could be used to study the kidneys.