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The herbs commonly used included pennyroyal and tansy.

Along with members of the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation, which owns some adjacent land, Hamman and her colleagues plan to burn some of Noyes’ pastures later this year to help control tansy ragwort.

They started using medicines, which Madame Restell and others provided, that were made out of things like turpentine and tansy.

The technique recorded how the abundance of different species changed through time: For example, the rapid bloom and growth of the tansy mustard in early spring, an event missed by ground surveys.

But that was changing: He pointed to butter-and-eggs, oxeye daisies, bellflowers, tufted vetch, hemp nettle, spotted jewelweed, creeping Charlie, common tansy, orange hawkweed.