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ANE generates an electrical voltage in a magnetic metal that is perpendicular to the magnetisation and a temperature gradient.

It is thought that this temperature gradient is what drives carbon diffusion towards the central region, facilitating diamond growth.

This was due to a growing temperature gradient between the Equator and Antarctica, which produced powerful westerly winds – the main motor of the ACC.

In the anomalous Nernst effect, a voltage is generated perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and an applied magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material.

The list of areas that could be enhanced by the findings is indeed considerable and extends to using a temperature gradient to generate electric potential.