�y��vlog

Using the Knox test statistic, which is a widely used statistical test for space-time interaction among a set of events, the researchers identified that the number of fatal overdoses doubled within 500 meters of the seizure site following opioid seizures.

The fraction of permuted test statistics that exceed the observed test statistic is its p-value.

In practice, the value of the test statistic on many of the permuted strings is the same as the value of the test statistic on the observed shot pattern.

For an observed string, we computed a test statistic tk; the conditional fraction of hits given k prior hits minus the conditional fraction of hits given k prior misses, where k equals 1, 2, or 3.

Mathematically, the test statistic tk on a string X of length L is defined as follows: