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They can be used to transfer thermal energy, such as from the sun or alternating currents, into mechanical energy that can be stored and used on demand.

Earlier this month, Ukraine’s largest private energy company, DTEK, said its thermal energy plants suffered “significant damage”, resulting in blackouts.

The research, which was financed by the Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office, arose out of funding priorities established by the office in 2019 regarding thermal energy storage.

The team says their tool can also be expanded to meet other applications in aerogel design -- such as green technologies used in oil spill cleanup, sustainable energy storage, and thermal energy products like insulating windows.

While most microreactors can output up to 20 megawatts in order to reach that number, NANO’s models emphasize the micro — with output capped at about 5 megawatts of thermal energy for conversion to electric.