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As a baseline test, the researchers developed a PEG hydrogel without the embedded thrombin and introduced the aptamer library, finding there were hardly any remaining aptamers in the gel after 60 hours.

HSP47 recruits an enzyme called thrombin that helps platelets stick together and form clots.

Our analysis of the molecular composition of these stitch points showed that one of these molecules, neurofascin 155, has a site that can be cleaved by a specific enzyme, thrombin, to thin the myelin.

By silencing a gene for antithrombin, fitusiran enables a rise in the production of the enzyme thrombin, which helps the blood to clot.

Each one was made from a flat, rectangular DNA origami sheet, 90 nanometres by 60 nanometres - a nanometre is a billionth of a metre - and a blood-clotting enzyme, called thrombin, was attached to their surface.