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People with SBS can’t absorb enough water, vitamins, minerals, protein, fat and other nutrients from food, so they receive supplements known as total parenteral nutrition, or TPN.

Pitts regularly sees patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, and uses the app MedCalc to calculate complex equations for total parenteral nutrition - a therapy where patients are fed through their veins.

The solution pumped through the line, called total parenteral nutrition, made Annabel gag and wretch.

The patient was started on doses of copper and admitted to the hospital to start on total parenteral nutrition, or T.P.N., in which nutrients are delivered intravenously.

For the time being, she received nutrients through an IV placed in her vein 12 hours every day, pumping total parenteral nutrition, or TPN.