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In essence, low-dose trimethoprim opens up a secondary, previously unknown, metabolite stress response in the pathogen.

"You add one molecule, it has no effect. You add a second molecule, it has no effect. But you combine the two molecules -- in this case, trimethoprim and DHL -- and the combination is deadly. We mixed genetics and chemistry, and it worked."

Amoxicillin and Trimethoprim are commonly prescribed antibiotics that certain strains of P. aeruginosa have become resistant to.

However, the UK also uses the antibiotic trimethoprim more often, but analysis did not uncover higher levels of resistance in the UK when comparing the common E. coli strains found in both countries.

Led by SFI External Professor Andreas Wagner, the researchers experimentally mapped more than 260,000 possible mutations of an E. coli protein that is essential for the bacteria's survival when exposed to the antibiotic trimethoprim.