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He bounced from Trotskyism to Stalinism to Anarchism, while also researching different religions, including Islam, Christianity, and his own Jewish heritage.

Paranoia about Trotskyism was then endemic among Communists—Trotsky believed that revolution should be fostered in all countries, and Stalin loathed him—and few were more paranoid than Marty.

In Paris his encounters with the French non-Communist left, and its complacent anti-Americanism, expunged the last traces of the Trotskyism he had embraced in his youth.

Singer’s protagonist, Morris Krakower, is haunted in the night by the ghost of a former comrade, who publicly attacked others for Trotskyism and then himself “vanished,” a victim of Stalin’s reign of terror.

In the Soviet Union men were being shot for Trotskyism.