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Enzymes called DNA damage response kinases and tubulin acetyltransferase are the master regulators of the process, and promote the formation of the tubules.

Inside cells, tubulin proteins form long, and incredibly thin rods called microtubules.

Closed-ended TNTs are mainly formed from a network of the structural protein actin, but lack another structural protein, tubulin9 — and the authors found actin, but not tubulin, in their IP-TNTs.

She adds that her team is finding more than collagen: It has recovered sequences from eight proteins isolated from what appear to be blood vessels, all matching common vessel proteins such as actin, tubulin, and hemoglobin.

“I was looking for something that evoked tubulin—so, the Greek letter for T—and I wanted a name that didn’t presuppose that I understood at that time exactly how it worked,” he said.