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Detailed analyses of uniparental markers, which can reveal sex-specific demographic histories of Log Coffin-associated groups, will be provided in a forthcoming study.

The question of whether we can meaningfully set parameters on African American diversity took on a genetic focus with the rise in direct-to-consumer genetic testing and interpretations based on limited uniparental markers.

UPD, uniparental disomy; ND, no material available for conclusive molecular subgroup assignment.

UPD, uniparental disomy; ND, no material available for conclusive molecular subgroup assignment.

Yet these ‘uniparental markers’, which chart an unbroken chain back through either the maternal or paternal line, are rarely unique to a population.