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For Ms. Reid, crafting elegant words with her pens is not just an artistic practice, but a physical one, with a meditative rhythm of upstrokes and downstrokes.

It’s all sunshine, California, and upstrokes on the downbeat.

In our hippogriff, the muscles of the back drive the upstroke, and the muscles of the chest power the downstroke, just as in living bats and long-extinct pterosaurs.

He’s a minimalist at heart, but a miscreant, taking the choppy upstrokes of Nile Rodgers and making them sound like a table saw cutting through sheet metal.

Researchers have analysed air flow movements behind butterfly and mechanical wings, and found that their wings clap together during the upstroke thrusting the animal forwards.