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Meanwhile, in May 2023, researchers at Gero, another drug development company, reported in Scientific Reports that they used a quantum computer to more realistically simulate the electronic properties of likely drug targets, such as the distribution of positive and negative charges across molecules and the arrangement of weak chemical bonds called Van der Waals forces between neighboring atoms.

These perovskites comprise molecularly thin layers held together by forces that hold graphite layers together, the so-called van der Waals forces -- hence the "v" in CL-v.

Van der Waals materials are made up of strongly bonded 2D layers that are bound in the third dimension through weaker van der Waals forces.

The nature of the van der Waals forces between layers allows researchers to use Scotch tape to peel the layers into atomic thickness.

This can be covalent bonds, hydrogen bridge bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.