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But we do know that when you imagine something without actually receiving any visual stimulus from your retina, your primary visual cortex does get activated.

The researchers also simulated the neural effects of sleep through low-frequency electrical stimulation of the visual cortex.

The team began their search for answers in the brain's visual cortex.

"Neurons in the visual cortex fire when presented with the appropriate visual stimulus. The neurons we're studying show place preferences."

"Our research therefore shows that fundamental visual information is transmitted with differential encoding to 'higher' areas of the brain like the visual cortex in different phases of arousal," summarizes neurobiologist Laura Busse.