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Stern disliked quanta, and together with his friend Max von Laue, he had pledged that “if this nonsense of Bohr should in the end prove to be right, we will quit physics.”

With the rise of fascism in Germany, Albert Einstein wrote to his colleague Max von Laue, who had encouraged him to not speak out: “I do not share your view that the scientist should observe silence in political matters, i.e. human affairs in the broadest sense.”

Since it was a crime to smuggle gold out of Germany during the war, the medals of physicists Max von Laue and James Franck, imprinted with their names and stored for safekeeping in Niels Bohr’s lab in Copenhagen, were clear evidence of wrongdoing.

The gold was precipitated back out of the solution and recast into new medals for von Laue and Franck.

X-ray crystallography was invented by Max von Laue, improved by the father-son team of W. H. and W.L.