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Because of their relatively small scale, waterspouts are hard to pick out on weather radar.

They rely on weather radar and carry extra fuel so they can fly around and wait for the weather to ease, if needed.

Pilots use a variety of methods to avoid turbulence, including using a weather radar display.

Turbulence is most commonly caused by aircraft flying through cloud but there is also "clear air" turbulence which is not visible on a jet's weather radar, nor is it possible to predict.

His team plans to test this by analyzing weather radar data – which also detects the presence of flying birds, bats and insects – to see if more birds take wing during the eclipse.