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Non-covalent nanotubes are formed through the inherent attractive interactions or non-covalent interactions between atoms, instead of the strong covalent interactions seen in carbon nanotubes.

The process involves blending three main components -- carbon nanotubes, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose -- followed by freeze-drying.

To address this issue, the team developed a hybrid porous structure using polyvinyl alcohol, a lightweight polymer with high affinity for lithium ions, combined with single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon spheres.

These sensors consist of tiny carbon nanotubes wrapped in polymers.

Now, MIT engineers have shown they can prevent cracks from spreading between composite's layers, using an approach they developed called "nanostitching," in which they deposit chemically grown microscopic forests of carbon nanotubes between composite layers.