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After graduating from Wuhan University Medical School in 1991, Liu emerged as a leading expert on neurosurgery, especially brain tumor, craniocerebral trauma, intraspinal canal diseases and cerebrovascular diseases.

According to Garr, these are the world’s first intraspinal injections, directly into the gray matter, not the spinal cavity or spinal fluid.

Her method differs in technique and purpose from intraspinal injections used in the U.S.

They may therefore be regarded as the equivalent of an intraspinal tract connecting the deep ends of the afferent neurones from the skin with higher nervous centres.