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But three genes stood out: PPP3CA and DYNC1I1, which are associated with an immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease; and NOS1AP, which is a gene that affects how the body reacts to mosquito bites.

The rare disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly.

The culprit in Chagas disease is the sinuous microscopic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.

The disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan transmitted by triatomine insects, known as kissing bugs for their vampiric penchant for biting the face and sucking blood.

In the 1940s, a promising Armenian-American researcher in Texas wanted to understand more about a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi, which lives in a species of insects colloquially called kissing bugs.