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In the course of their experiments, the researchers treated cells with an antioxidant drug -- something that reduces ROS -- called N-acetyl cysteine and saw that this partially restored protein mobility.

To promote these reactions, alternative meat developers will add browning agents, including specific amino acids such as cysteine, methionine and lysine, sugars and the vitamin thiamin.

"It can modify proteins through a process called sulfhydration, where it modifies cysteine residues and can change their activity."

The researchers found that certain amino acids, like cysteine, would bind to borophene in distinct locations, depending on their chiral handedness.

In each case, the edit targeted a cysteine on the corresponding protein.